![]() No studies have established that residual gastric volume monitoring decreases the risk of ventilation associated pneumonia. Methods to prevent aspiration in patients who are fed enterally: raising the head of the bed by 30 to 45 degrees, minimizing the slowing effect of narcotics on bowel motility, use of prokinetic medications such as metoclopramide and erythromycin can be used when appropriate to stimulate gastric motility, and optimal blood glucose control. No data to prove that GRV measurements are clinically meaningful anyway.ĭelayed gastric emptying occurs with those with gastroparesis, diabetes mellitus, gastric outlet obstruction, ileus, recent surgery, trauma, or sepsis and narcotic pain medication.Įfforts to prevent aspiration of gastric contents are important in these patients. GRV measurements vary with the type and diameter of feeding tubes, the position of the feeding tubes in the stomach, and the position of the patient’s body. Signs of feeding intolerance include emesis, abdominal distention, constipation, fullness, abdominal pain, or nausea. Recommendations are that GRV should be checked every four hours during the first 48 hours of gastric feeding and, after that, every six to eight hours for patients who are not critically ill.Įnteral nutrition should not be stopped for a GRV of less than 500 mL unless there are other signs of feeding intolerance. There is no correlation between GRVs and either objective physical exam or radiographic scores.Įnteral feedings should not be stopped for a single high GRV if there are no other physical examination or radiography findings to show actual gastrointestinal dysfunction. The literature suggests a high GRV, ranges from 100 to 500 mL. Gastric residual volume refers to fluid remaining in the stomach at a point in time during enteral nutrition feeding. ![]() The stomach empties liquids more quickly, within one hour for a glucose solution and two hours for a protein solution drink.ĭuring fasting, the stomach secretes approximately 500 to 1,500 mL, in the feeding state, it secretes approximately 2,500 mL per day. Gastric emptying is slower for high fat meal. Normal gastric emptying occurs within three hours and after a lag time of approximately one hour for a meal. The stomach is a reservoir, allowing slow emptying of 5 to 15 mL at a time, into the small bowel for continued digestion and absorption.ĭuring meal ingestion, the stomach can expand to approximately 1,000 mL before pressure in the stomach’s lumen starts to increase. ![]()
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